日式景觀設計風格源自從漢末開始日本持續向中國派出的漢使全方位中國文化的學習使得日本園林景觀設計風格(ge)(ge)在中(zhong)式園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)景(jing)觀(guan)風格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響下得到了(le)長(chang)足的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)和改(gai)變。 日(ri)本(ben)(ben)與中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)關系始于(yu)(yu)(yu)漢代從漢末(mo)開始日(ri)本(ben)(ben)不斷向(xiang)中(zhong)國派出漢使全方位學習中(zhong)國文(wen)化。其(qi)中(zhong)日(ri)本(ben)(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)就(jiu)是在中(zhong)國園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響下經過漫長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)歷史變遷逐漸形(xing)成具有日(ri)本(ben)(ben)民(min)族(zu)特色的(de)(de)(de)日(ri)本(ben)(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)。 公元六世紀(ji)中(zhong)式園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)景(jing)觀(guan)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)隨佛教傳入日(ri)本(ben)(ben)。日(ri)本(ben)(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)初期相當于(yu)(yu)(yu)囿的(de)(de)(de)苑園(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)輸入了(le)中(zhong)國較為成熟的(de)(de)(de)技法除動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)外(wai)更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)是人工山(shan)水即(ji)更(geng)接近于(yu)(yu)(yu)人工園(yuan)(yuan)。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)結(jie)合了(le)日(ri)本(ben)(ben)國土性質采用舟(zhou)游的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式其(qi)內容有山(shan)水部(bu)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)池、磯、須(xu)彌山(shan)等(deng)(deng)動(dong)物(wu)部(bu)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)龜、魚、狗、馬等(deng)(deng)建(jian)筑有苑、離宮(gong)、吳(wu)橋、畫舫等(deng)(deng)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)活(huo)動(dong)有狩獵、舟(zhou)游、其(qi)水宴等(deng)(deng)。

      日(ri)(ri)(ri)式(shi)景觀設(she)計(ji)風格(ge)(ge)雖然(ran)(ran)受我國(guo)園(yuan)林藝(yi)術的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)但(dan)經過長期的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展與(yu)創新已(yi)形成(cheng)(cheng)日(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)民族獨有(you)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)式(shi)風格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)水園(yuan)。可(ke)以認(ren)為日(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)園(yuan)林起初重(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)把中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)園(yuan)林的(de)(de)(de)局部內(nei)容有(you)選擇(ze)、有(you)發(fa)展地兼(jian)收(shou)并蓄入自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)文化傳統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)后來則(ze)通過中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)禪宗的(de)(de)(de)傳入把對(dui)園(yuan)林精神的(de)(de)(de)追求推(tui)向極(ji)(ji)致并產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)有(you)自(zi)(zi)己風格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)林形式(shi)。 日(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)景觀設(she)計(ji)以清純(chun)、自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)風格(ge)(ge)聞名于世。它有(you)別于中(zhong)(zhong)式(shi)園(yuan)林人(ren)(ren)工之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)見(jian)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)而(er)是自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)見(jian)人(ren)(ren)工.它著重(zhong)(zhong)體現(xian)(xian)和象(xiang)(xiang)征自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)界的(de)(de)(de)景觀避免人(ren)(ren)工斧鑿(zao)的(de)(de)(de)痕(hen)跡(ji)創造(zao)出(chu)一(yi)種簡樸、清寧的(de)(de)(de)致美(mei)境界。 在(zai)表現(xian)(xian)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)時日(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)園(yuan)林更注重(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)提煉(lian)、濃縮并創造(zao)出(chu)能使人(ren)(ren)入靜入定、超凡脫俗的(de)(de)(de)心靈感(gan)受從而(er)使日(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)園(yuan)林具有(you)耐看(kan)、耐品、值得(de)細(xi)細(xi)體會的(de)(de)(de)精巧細(xi)膩含而(er)不(bu)露的(de)(de)(de)特色(se)具有(you)突出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)(xiang)征性能引發(fa)觀賞(shang)者對(dui)人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)思索和領悟。 日(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)園(yuan)林的(de)(de)(de)精彩之(zhi)處(chu)在(zai)于它的(de)(de)(de)小巧而(er)精致枯寂(ji)而(er)玄妙(miao)抽象(xiang)(xiang)而(er)深邃。大者不(bu)過一(yi)畝余小者僅幾平方米日(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)園(yuan)林就是用這種極(ji)(ji)少的(de)(de)(de)構成(cheng)(cheng)要素達(da)到極(ji)(ji)大的(de)(de)(de)意韻效果。日(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)園(yuan)林雖早期受中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)園(yuan)林的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)但(dan)在(zai)長期的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展過程中(zhong)(zhong)形成(cheng)(cheng)了自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)特色(se)尤其在(zai)小庭院(yuan)方面產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)了頗有(you)特色(se)的(de)(de)(de)庭園(yuan)。

      從種(zhong)類(lei)而言日本(ben)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)(yi)般可分為(wei)枯山水、池(chi)(chi)泉(quan)(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、筑(zhu)山庭(ting)(ting)(ting)、平庭(ting)(ting)(ting)、茶庭(ting)(ting)(ting)、露(lu)地(di)、回(hui)游(you)式、觀(guan)賞(shang)式、坐觀(guan)式、舟游(you)式以(yi)(yi)及它們的(de)(de)組合等。 枯山水又叫假山水是(shi)日本(ben)特有的(de)(de)造(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)手法系日本(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)精華。其本(ben)質(zhi)意義是(shi)無水之庭(ting)(ting)(ting)即(ji)在(zai)(zai)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內敷白(bai)砂綴以(yi)(yi)石(shi)(shi)組或(huo)適量樹木因(yin)無山無水而得名。 池(chi)(chi)泉(quan)(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)池(chi)(chi)泉(quan)(quan)為(wei)中(zhong)心的(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)構成體(ti)現(xian)日本(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)本(ben)質(zhi)特征即(ji)島國性國家的(de)(de)特征。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)以(yi)(yi)水池(chi)(chi)為(wei)中(zhong)心布置(zhi)島、瀑布、土山、溪(xi)流、橋、亭(ting)、榭(xie)等。 筑(zhu)山庭(ting)(ting)(ting)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內堆土筑(zhu)成假山綴以(yi)(yi)石(shi)(shi)組、樹木、飛石(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)燈籠的(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)構成。一(yi)(yi)般要求有較(jiao)大的(de)(de)規模以(yi)(yi)表現(xian)開闊的(de)(de)河山常利(li)用自然地(di)形加以(yi)(yi)人(ren)工(gong)美化達到(dao)幽(you)深豐富的(de)(de)景致。日本(ben)筑(zhu)山庭(ting)(ting)(ting)中(zhong)的(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)山在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)國園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)中(zhong)被稱為(wei)崗或(huo)阜日本(ben)稱為(wei)筑(zhu)山較(jiao)大的(de)(de)崗阜或(huo)野筋坡度(du)較(jiao)緩的(de)(de)土丘或(huo)山腰。日本(ben)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)院中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)般有池(chi)(chi)泉(quan)(quan)但(dan)不一(yi)(yi)定有筑(zhu)山即(ji)日本(ben)以(yi)(yi)池(chi)(chi)泉(quan)(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)主筑(zhu)山庭(ting)(ting)(ting)為(wei)輔。

      平庭(ting)(ting)(ting)即在(zai)(zai)(zai)平坦的(de)(de)基地(di)(di)上進(jin)行(xing)規(gui)劃和(he)(he)建設的(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)平坦的(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)上表(biao)現出(chu)一(yi)(yi)個山(shan)(shan)谷地(di)(di)帶(dai)或原(yuan)野的(de)(de)風景(jing)(jing)(jing)用(yong)(yong)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)巖(yan)石(shi)、植(zhi)物(wu)、石(shi)燈(deng)和(he)(he)溪(xi)流配置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)起組成(cheng)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)自然景(jing)(jing)(jing)色(se)多用(yong)(yong)草(cao)地(di)(di)、花(hua)壇等(deng)(deng)。根據(ju)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)內敷材不同而有(you)芝庭(ting)(ting)(ting)、苔庭(ting)(ting)(ting)、砂庭(ting)(ting)(ting)、石(shi)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)等(deng)(deng)。平庭(ting)(ting)(ting)和(he)(he)筑山(shan)(shan)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)都有(you)真、行(xing)、草(cao)三種(zhong)(zhong)格式(shi)(shi)(shi)。 茶庭(ting)(ting)(ting)也(ye)叫(jiao)露(lu)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)、露(lu)路(lu)(lu)是(shi)把茶道融入園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)進(jin)行(xing)茶道的(de)(de)禮(li)儀而創造(zao)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。面積很小可設在(zai)(zai)(zai)筑山(shan)(shan)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)和(he)(he)平庭(ting)(ting)(ting)之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)般是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)入茶室前的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)段空間里布置(zhi)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀。步石(shi)道路(lu)(lu)按(an)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)線經廁所、洗手缽后到達目的(de)(de)地(di)(di)。茶庭(ting)(ting)(ting)猶如中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)但空間的(de)(de)變化沒有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)層次豐富。其園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)氣(qi)氛是(shi)以(yi)(yi)裸露(lu)的(de)(de)步石(shi)象征崎(qi)嶇的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)間石(shi)徑以(yi)(yi)地(di)(di)上的(de)(de)松葉暗(an)示茂密森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)以(yi)(yi)蹲踞(ju)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)洗手缽象征圣潔(jie)泉水以(yi)(yi)寺社的(de)(de)圍墻、石(shi)燈(deng)籠來模仿古剎神社的(de)(de)肅(su)穆清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)。 回(hui)(hui)游(you)(you)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、觀賞式(shi)(shi)(shi)、坐觀式(shi)(shi)(shi)、舟(zhou)游(you)(you)式(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)指在(zai)(zai)(zai)大型庭(ting)(ting)(ting)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設有(you)回(hui)(hui)游(you)(you)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)環池設路(lu)(lu)或可兼(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)水面游(you)(you)覽(lan)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)回(hui)(hui)游(you)(you)兼(jian)舟(zhou)游(you)(you)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)環池設路(lu)(lu)等(deng)(deng)一(yi)(yi)般是(shi)舟(zhou)游(you)(you)、回(hui)(hui)游(you)(you)、坐觀三種(zhong)(zhong)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)結合在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)起從而增(zeng)加園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)趣味(wei)性(xing)。有(you)別于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)步移(yi)景(jing)(jing)(jing)隨日(ri)(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)靜(jing)觀為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。 日(ri)(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)四(si)分(fen)之(zhi)三都由植(zhi)物(wu)、山(shan)(shan)石(shi)和(he)(he)水體構成(cheng)因此從種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)設計(ji)上日(ri)(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)植(zhi)物(wu)配置(zhi)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個突出(chu)特點(dian)是(shi)同一(yi)(yi)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)品種(zhong)(zhong)不多常(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)二種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)物(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)植(zhi)物(wu)再選用(yong)(yong)另一(yi)(yi)二種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)物(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)點(dian)景(jing)(jing)(jing)植(zhi)物(wu)層次清(qing)(qing)楚(chu)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)簡潔(jie)但十分(fen)美觀。選材以(yi)(yi)常(chang)(chang)綠樹木為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)花(hua)卉較(jiao)少且多有(you)特別的(de)(de)含義(yi)如松樹代表(biao)長壽櫻花(hua)代表(biao)完美鳶尾代表(biao)純潔(jie)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。