日式景觀設計風格源自從漢末開始日本持續向中國派出的漢使全方位中國文化的學習使得日本園林景觀設計風格(ge)在中(zhong)式園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林景觀風格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)下得到了長足(zu)的(de)(de)(de)發展和(he)改變。 日(ri)本(ben)與中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系始(shi)于漢(han)代從漢(han)末開始(shi)日(ri)本(ben)不斷向中(zhong)國派出漢(han)使(shi)全(quan)方位學習中(zhong)國文化。其(qi)中(zhong)日(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林藝(yi)術就是在中(zhong)國園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林藝(yi)術的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)下經(jing)過漫長的(de)(de)(de)歷史變遷逐漸形成具有(you)(you)日(ri)本(ben)民(min)族特色的(de)(de)(de)日(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林。 公(gong)元六世紀中(zhong)式園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林景觀藝(yi)術隨佛教傳入日(ri)本(ben)。日(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林初期相當于囿的(de)(de)(de)苑園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)輸入了中(zhong)國較為成熟的(de)(de)(de)技法除動植物外更多的(de)(de)(de)是人(ren)工山(shan)(shan)水(shui)即更接近于人(ren)工園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。由(you)于結合了日(ri)本(ben)國土(tu)性質采(cai)用舟(zhou)游(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)形式其(qi)內容(rong)有(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)水(shui)部(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)池、磯、須(xu)彌山(shan)(shan)等動物部(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)龜、魚、狗、馬等建筑有(you)(you)苑、離宮、吳(wu)橋、畫舫等園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林活動有(you)(you)狩獵、舟(zhou)游(you)(you)、其(qi)水(shui)宴等。

      日(ri)式景觀(guan)設計風(feng)格(ge)雖然受(shou)(shou)我國(guo)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)藝術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)但經(jing)過(guo)長(chang)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)與創新已形(xing)成日(ri)本(ben)民族獨(du)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)然式風(feng)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山水園(yuan)。可以(yi)認為(wei)日(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)起初重在(zai)(zai)把中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局部內(nei)容有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)選擇、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)展(zhan)地兼收并(bing)蓄入(ru)自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化傳統中(zhong)(zhong)后來則(ze)通過(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)禪(chan)宗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳入(ru)把對園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)精神的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)追求推向極致并(bing)產(chan)生(sheng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)自(zi)(zi)己風(feng)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)形(xing)式。 日(ri)本(ben)景觀(guan)設計以(yi)清純(chun)、自(zi)(zi)然的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)格(ge)聞名于(yu)(yu)世。它有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)別于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)式園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)人(ren)工(gong)之中(zhong)(zhong)見自(zi)(zi)然而是自(zi)(zi)然之中(zhong)(zhong)見人(ren)工(gong).它著重體現和象(xiang)征自(zi)(zi)然界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)景觀(guan)避免(mian)人(ren)工(gong)斧鑿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)痕跡(ji)創造出一種簡樸、清寧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)致美境界(jie)。 在(zai)(zai)表現自(zi)(zi)然時日(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)更注重對自(zi)(zi)然的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提煉、濃縮并(bing)創造出能使人(ren)入(ru)靜入(ru)定、超凡脫俗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心靈(ling)感(gan)受(shou)(shou)從(cong)而使日(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)耐(nai)看、耐(nai)品、值得細細體會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精巧細膩含而不露的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特色(se)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)突出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)征性能引發(fa)觀(guan)賞者對人(ren)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思索和領悟。 日(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精彩之處在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小巧而精致枯(ku)寂而玄妙抽象(xiang)而深邃。大者不過(guo)一畝余小者僅幾平(ping)方米日(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)就是用這種極少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構成要素(su)達(da)到極大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意韻效果。日(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)雖早期受(shou)(shou)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)但在(zai)(zai)長(chang)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)成了(le)自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特色(se)尤(you)其在(zai)(zai)小庭院(yuan)方面產(chan)生(sheng)了(le)頗有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)特色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)庭園(yuan)。

      從種類(lei)而言日(ri)(ri)本(ben)庭(ting)(ting)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)般可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)枯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)水、池(chi)(chi)泉園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)庭(ting)(ting)、平庭(ting)(ting)、茶庭(ting)(ting)、露地、回游(you)式(shi)、觀賞(shang)式(shi)、坐觀式(shi)、舟游(you)式(shi)以(yi)(yi)及它們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組合(he)等。 枯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)水又叫(jiao)假(jia)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)水是(shi)日(ri)(ri)本(ben)特有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)手法系(xi)日(ri)(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精華。其本(ben)質(zhi)意義(yi)是(shi)無水之庭(ting)(ting)即(ji)(ji)在(zai)庭(ting)(ting)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內敷白砂(sha)綴以(yi)(yi)石(shi)組或適量樹木因無山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)無水而得(de)名。 池(chi)(chi)泉園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)池(chi)(chi)泉為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)構成(cheng)體現日(ri)(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)質(zhi)特征(zheng)即(ji)(ji)島國(guo)性國(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特征(zheng)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)以(yi)(yi)水池(chi)(chi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心布置(zhi)島、瀑布、土(tu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、溪流(liu)、橋、亭(ting)、榭等。 筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)庭(ting)(ting)是(shi)在(zai)庭(ting)(ting)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內堆土(tu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng)假(jia)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)綴以(yi)(yi)石(shi)組、樹木、飛石(shi)、石(shi)燈籠(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)構成(cheng)。一(yi)般要(yao)求有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規模以(yi)(yi)表現開(kai)闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)常利用自然地形加以(yi)(yi)人工(gong)美化達(da)到幽深豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)景致。日(ri)(ri)本(ben)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)庭(ting)(ting)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)中(zhong)被稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)崗或阜日(ri)(ri)本(ben)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)崗阜或野筋坡度較(jiao)(jiao)緩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)丘或山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腰。日(ri)(ri)本(ben)庭(ting)(ting)院中(zhong)一(yi)般有(you)池(chi)(chi)泉但不一(yi)定(ding)有(you)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)即(ji)(ji)日(ri)(ri)本(ben)以(yi)(yi)池(chi)(chi)泉園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)庭(ting)(ting)為(wei)(wei)(wei)輔。

      平(ping)(ping)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)即在平(ping)(ping)坦的(de)(de)基地(di)(di)上進行(xing)規劃和(he)(he)建設(she)的(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)一(yi)般在平(ping)(ping)坦的(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)上表現出一(yi)個山(shan)谷地(di)(di)帶或原野的(de)(de)風景(jing)(jing)用(yong)(yong)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)巖(yan)石(shi)(shi)、植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)、石(shi)(shi)燈(deng)和(he)(he)溪流(liu)配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)在一(yi)起(qi)(qi)組成各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)自然景(jing)(jing)色多(duo)用(yong)(yong)草地(di)(di)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)壇等。根據庭(ting)(ting)(ting)內(nei)敷材不(bu)同而(er)有(you)(you)(you)芝庭(ting)(ting)(ting)、苔庭(ting)(ting)(ting)、砂庭(ting)(ting)(ting)、石(shi)(shi)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)等。平(ping)(ping)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)和(he)(he)筑(zhu)山(shan)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)都(dou)有(you)(you)(you)真、行(xing)、草三(san)種(zhong)格式(shi)。 茶(cha)(cha)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)也叫(jiao)露(lu)(lu)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)、露(lu)(lu)路(lu)(lu)是(shi)(shi)把茶(cha)(cha)道融入園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)之中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)進行(xing)茶(cha)(cha)道的(de)(de)禮儀而(er)創造的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)形式(shi)。面(mian)積很小可設(she)在筑(zhu)山(shan)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)和(he)(he)平(ping)(ping)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)之中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)般是(shi)(shi)在進入茶(cha)(cha)室前的(de)(de)一(yi)段空間里(li)布置(zhi)(zhi)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)景(jing)(jing)觀。步(bu)石(shi)(shi)道路(lu)(lu)按一(yi)定的(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)線(xian)經(jing)廁所、洗手(shou)缽(bo)后到(dao)達目(mu)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)。茶(cha)(cha)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)猶如中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)但空間的(de)(de)變化(hua)沒有(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)層(ceng)次豐富。其園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)氣氛是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)裸露(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)步(bu)石(shi)(shi)象征崎嶇的(de)(de)山(shan)間石(shi)(shi)徑以(yi)(yi)(yi)地(di)(di)上的(de)(de)松(song)葉暗示(shi)茂密森林(lin)(lin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)蹲踞式(shi)的(de)(de)洗手(shou)缽(bo)象征圣潔泉水以(yi)(yi)(yi)寺社的(de)(de)圍墻(qiang)、石(shi)(shi)燈(deng)籠來模仿古剎神(shen)社的(de)(de)肅穆清(qing)靜。 回游(you)(you)(you)式(shi)、觀賞式(shi)、坐觀式(shi)、舟(zhou)游(you)(you)(you)式(shi)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)在大型庭(ting)(ting)(ting)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設(she)有(you)(you)(you)回游(you)(you)(you)式(shi)的(de)(de)環池設(she)路(lu)(lu)或可兼作水面(mian)游(you)(you)(you)覽用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)回游(you)(you)(you)兼舟(zhou)游(you)(you)(you)式(shi)的(de)(de)環池設(she)路(lu)(lu)等一(yi)般是(shi)(shi)舟(zhou)游(you)(you)(you)、回游(you)(you)(you)、坐觀三(san)種(zhong)方式(shi)結合在一(yi)起(qi)(qi)從而(er)增加園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)趣味(wei)性。有(you)(you)(you)別于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)步(bu)移景(jing)(jing)隨日本(ben)(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)靜觀為(wei)(wei)主。 日本(ben)(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)四分(fen)之三(san)都(dou)由植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)、山(shan)石(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)水體構成因此從種(zhong)植(zhi)設(she)計上日本(ben)(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)一(yi)個突出特點(dian)是(shi)(shi)同一(yi)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)品種(zhong)不(bu)多(duo)常(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)二(er)種(zhong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)作為(wei)(wei)主景(jing)(jing)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)再(zai)選用(yong)(yong)另(ling)一(yi)二(er)種(zhong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)作為(wei)(wei)點(dian)景(jing)(jing)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)層(ceng)次清(qing)楚形式(shi)簡(jian)潔但十(shi)分(fen)美觀。選材以(yi)(yi)(yi)常(chang)(chang)綠樹(shu)木為(wei)(wei)主花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉(hui)較少且多(duo)有(you)(you)(you)特別的(de)(de)含義如松(song)樹(shu)代表長壽櫻花(hua)(hua)(hua)代表完美鳶尾代表純潔等等。