日式景觀設計風格源自從漢末開始日本持續向中國派出的漢使全方位中國文化的學習使得日本園林景觀設計風格(ge)在中(zhong)式園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)景觀風格(ge)的(de)(de)影響下(xia)得到了長(chang)足的(de)(de)發展和改(gai)變(bian)(bian)。 日(ri)本與(yu)中(zhong)國的(de)(de)關系(xi)始于(yu)(yu)漢代從漢末開始日(ri)本不斷向中(zhong)國派出漢使全方(fang)位學習中(zhong)國文化。其中(zhong)日(ri)本園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)藝術就是(shi)在中(zhong)國園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)藝術的(de)(de)影響下(xia)經過漫長(chang)的(de)(de)歷史變(bian)(bian)遷逐漸形成具有日(ri)本民族特色的(de)(de)日(ri)本園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)。 公元(yuan)六世紀中(zhong)式園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)景觀藝術隨佛教傳入(ru)日(ri)本。日(ri)本園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)初(chu)期(qi)相當于(yu)(yu)囿(you)的(de)(de)苑園(yuan)(yuan)因輸(shu)入(ru)了中(zhong)國較為成熟(shu)的(de)(de)技法除(chu)動(dong)植(zhi)物外更多的(de)(de)是(shi)人工(gong)山(shan)水(shui)即更接近于(yu)(yu)人工(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)。由于(yu)(yu)結合(he)了日(ri)本國土性質采用舟游的(de)(de)形式其內容有山(shan)水(shui)部分(fen)的(de)(de)池、磯(ji)、須彌(mi)山(shan)等動(dong)物部分(fen)的(de)(de)龜(gui)、魚、狗、馬等建筑有苑、離(li)宮、吳橋、畫舫等園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)活動(dong)有狩(shou)獵、舟游、其水(shui)宴等。

      日(ri)(ri)式景(jing)觀(guan)設(she)計(ji)風格雖然(ran)(ran)受(shou)我國園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)藝術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響但(dan)經過長(chang)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)與創新(xin)已形(xing)成日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)民族(zu)獨(du)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)式風格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山水園(yuan)。可以認(ren)為(wei)日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)起初重在(zai)把(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局部內容有(you)選擇、有(you)發展(zhan)地(di)兼(jian)收并蓄入自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化傳(chuan)統中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)來則通過中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國禪宗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)入把(ba)對(dui)(dui)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)精(jing)(jing)神的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)追求推向極(ji)致(zhi)并產生(sheng)有(you)自(zi)己(ji)風格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)形(xing)式。 日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)景(jing)觀(guan)設(she)計(ji)以清純、自(zi)然(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風格聞名于(yu)(yu)世。它(ta)有(you)別于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)式園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)人工(gong)之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)見(jian)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)而(er)是自(zi)然(ran)(ran)之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)見(jian)人工(gong).它(ta)著(zhu)重體現(xian)和(he)象(xiang)征自(zi)然(ran)(ran)界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)景(jing)觀(guan)避(bi)免人工(gong)斧鑿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)痕跡(ji)創造出一(yi)種簡(jian)樸、清寧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)美境界。 在(zai)表現(xian)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)時日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)更注(zhu)重對(dui)(dui)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)煉、濃縮并創造出能使人入靜入定、超凡脫俗(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心靈感(gan)受(shou)從而(er)使日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)具有(you)耐看、耐品、值得細(xi)細(xi)體會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)巧細(xi)膩(ni)含(han)而(er)不(bu)露的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)色(se)具有(you)突出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)征性(xing)能引發觀(guan)賞者對(dui)(dui)人生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思索和(he)領(ling)悟。 日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)彩之(zhi)處(chu)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)巧而(er)精(jing)(jing)致(zhi)枯(ku)寂而(er)玄妙抽象(xiang)而(er)深邃(sui)。大(da)者不(bu)過一(yi)畝(mu)余小(xiao)者僅幾平方(fang)米日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)就是用這(zhe)種極(ji)少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構成要素達到(dao)極(ji)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意韻效果。日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)雖早期(qi)(qi)受(shou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響但(dan)在(zai)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)成了(le)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)色(se)尤其(qi)在(zai)小(xiao)庭院方(fang)面產生(sheng)了(le)頗有(you)特(te)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)庭園(yuan)。

      從種類而(er)言日(ri)(ri)本庭(ting)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)般可分為(wei)(wei)枯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)、池(chi)泉(quan)(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)庭(ting)、平庭(ting)、茶庭(ting)、露地、回游式(shi)、觀(guan)賞式(shi)、坐(zuo)觀(guan)式(shi)、舟(zhou)游式(shi)以及(ji)它們的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)合(he)等。 枯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)又叫假(jia)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)是(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)本特有(you)的(de)(de)(de)造園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)手法系日(ri)(ri)本園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)華。其(qi)本質意義是(shi)(shi)無(wu)水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)庭(ting)即(ji)在(zai)庭(ting)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內敷(fu)白砂(sha)綴以石(shi)組(zu)或(huo)適量樹(shu)木因無(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)無(wu)水(shui)(shui)而(er)得名。 池(chi)泉(quan)(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)(shi)以池(chi)泉(quan)(quan)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林構成(cheng)體(ti)現日(ri)(ri)本園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林的(de)(de)(de)本質特征(zheng)即(ji)島(dao)(dao)國(guo)性(xing)國(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)特征(zheng)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)以水(shui)(shui)池(chi)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心布置島(dao)(dao)、瀑布、土(tu)(tu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、溪流、橋(qiao)、亭、榭等。 筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)庭(ting)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)庭(ting)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內堆土(tu)(tu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng)假(jia)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)綴以石(shi)組(zu)、樹(shu)木、飛石(shi)、石(shi)燈(deng)籠的(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林構成(cheng)。一(yi)般要求(qiu)有(you)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)規模以表現開闊的(de)(de)(de)河(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)常(chang)利(li)用自然(ran)地形加以人(ren)工美化達到幽深(shen)豐富的(de)(de)(de)景(jing)致。日(ri)(ri)本筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)庭(ting)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林中(zhong)被(bei)稱為(wei)(wei)崗或(huo)阜(fu)日(ri)(ri)本稱為(wei)(wei)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)崗阜(fu)或(huo)野筋(jin)坡度較(jiao)緩的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)丘或(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腰。日(ri)(ri)本庭(ting)院中(zhong)一(yi)般有(you)池(chi)泉(quan)(quan)但不一(yi)定有(you)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)即(ji)日(ri)(ri)本以池(chi)泉(quan)(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)主筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)庭(ting)為(wei)(wei)輔。

      平(ping)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)即在平(ping)坦(tan)的(de)(de)基地(di)(di)上(shang)進行規劃(hua)和建設的(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)一(yi)般(ban)在平(ping)坦(tan)的(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)上(shang)表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)一(yi)個山谷地(di)(di)帶或(huo)原(yuan)野的(de)(de)風景(jing)(jing)用各種(zhong)巖石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、植物(wu)(wu)(wu)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)燈和溪流配(pei)置在一(yi)起組成各種(zhong)自然景(jing)(jing)色多(duo)用草地(di)(di)、花壇等。根據庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)內敷材不同(tong)而(er)有(you)芝庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、苔(tai)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、砂庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)等。平(ping)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)和筑(zhu)山庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)都有(you)真、行、草三種(zhong)格式(shi)(shi)(shi)。 茶(cha)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)也(ye)叫露庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、露路是(shi)把茶(cha)道融(rong)入園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)之中(zhong)(zhong)為進行茶(cha)道的(de)(de)禮(li)儀而(er)創造的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)。面積很小可設在筑(zhu)山庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)和平(ping)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)之中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)在進入茶(cha)室前的(de)(de)一(yi)段空間(jian)里(li)布置各種(zhong)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)。步石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)道路按一(yi)定的(de)(de)路線經(jing)廁所、洗手缽(bo)(bo)后到達目的(de)(de)地(di)(di)。茶(cha)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)猶如(ru)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)的(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)之園(yuan)(yuan)但空間(jian)的(de)(de)變(bian)化沒有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)層(ceng)次豐(feng)富。其園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)的(de)(de)氣(qi)氛是(shi)以(yi)裸露的(de)(de)步石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)象征崎(qi)嶇的(de)(de)山間(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)徑以(yi)地(di)(di)上(shang)的(de)(de)松葉暗(an)示茂(mao)密森林(lin)以(yi)蹲踞(ju)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)洗手缽(bo)(bo)象征圣潔(jie)(jie)泉水(shui)以(yi)寺社的(de)(de)圍墻(qiang)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)燈籠(long)來模(mo)仿(fang)古剎神社的(de)(de)肅穆(mu)清(qing)靜。 回游(you)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、觀(guan)(guan)賞式(shi)(shi)(shi)、坐觀(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、舟游(you)式(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)指在大型庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)園(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)設有(you)回游(you)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)環(huan)池(chi)設路或(huo)可兼(jian)作水(shui)面游(you)覽用的(de)(de)回游(you)兼(jian)舟游(you)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)環(huan)池(chi)設路等一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)舟游(you)、回游(you)、坐觀(guan)(guan)三種(zhong)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)結合(he)在一(yi)起從(cong)而(er)增加(jia)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)的(de)(de)趣味性。有(you)別于中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)的(de)(de)步移景(jing)(jing)隨日(ri)(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)是(shi)以(yi)靜觀(guan)(guan)為主。 日(ri)(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)的(de)(de)四分之三都由植物(wu)(wu)(wu)、山石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和水(shui)體構成因此從(cong)種(zhong)植設計(ji)上(shang)日(ri)(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)配(pei)置的(de)(de)一(yi)個突(tu)出(chu)特(te)點(dian)是(shi)同(tong)一(yi)園(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)品(pin)種(zhong)不多(duo)常常是(shi)以(yi)一(yi)二(er)種(zhong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)作為主景(jing)(jing)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)再選用另(ling)一(yi)二(er)種(zhong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)作為點(dian)景(jing)(jing)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)層(ceng)次清(qing)楚形式(shi)(shi)(shi)簡(jian)潔(jie)(jie)但十分美(mei)觀(guan)(guan)。選材以(yi)常綠樹木為主花卉較少且多(duo)有(you)特(te)別的(de)(de)含義(yi)如(ru)松樹代表(biao)長壽櫻(ying)花代表(biao)完美(mei)鳶(yuan)尾代表(biao)純潔(jie)(jie)等等。